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RE: [RC] catching up regarding beet pulp, pt 1 - Susan E. Garlinghouse, D.V.M.


What minerals do they chelate and how rapid is the cleation process?

If you're looking at the first study cited below, it doesn't seem to affect
any of the macrominerals in adult horses, which are the ones most likely to
get out of whack during an endurance ride--- calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
sodium, chlorine, etc.  

If you look at the second study cited, the one involving foals, then the
minerals of note are just referred to as those contributing to bone
density--- mostly calcium and phosphorus, with magnesium and assorted trace
minerals being lesser players.  I think it was mentioned elsewhere that
magnesium doesn't seem to be affected, so my guess would be calcium and
phosphorus.

Note the different conclusions drawn based on the different age groups--- no
effect on adult horses, but an effect in foals under one year of age.

Chemical chelation is fairly rapid (ie, a second or two) as soon as the two
molecules in question make physical contact in the small intestine (or
presumably even in the stomach).  But the oxalate also doesn't hang around
in the small intestine lying in wait for a macromineral to wander past.
Another strategy when you don't want two opposing elements to make physical
contact before the SI has had its shot at absorption is just to feed them at
different times--- supplemented mineral pack in the morning, beet pulp in
the afternoon.  Based on the literature in adult horses, I don't think it
makes a significant difference in adults.


My 
first though with endurance horses is selenium. Probably the worse thing 
to happen to an endurance horse on a ride is for large amounts of beet 
pulp fed by a lot of people cleating and denying the use of an important 
mineral such as selenium.

I highly doubt selenium is affected, and selenium used during a ride is
already in the muscle and liver.  Any ingested during the ride is pretty
much incidental.  

Susan

Macronutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, plasma indicators of protein
metabolism and mineral absorption in horses fed a ration rich in sugar beet
pulp.

Olsman AF, Huurdeman CM, Jansen WL, Haaksma J, Sloet van
Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Beynen AC.

Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.f.s.olsman@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

In a cross-over study with six mature horses, the effect of iso-energetic
replacement of dietary glucose by beet pulp on macronutrient digestibility,
nitrogen metabolism and mineral absorption was studied. The test ration
contained 25% beet pulp in the total dietary dry matter. Beet pulp feeding
significantly lowered crude fat and non-structural carbohydrate
digestibility, but had no significant effect on digestibility of other
macronutrients, faecal and urinary nitrogen excretion and the faecal to
urinary nitrogen excretion quotient. However, on the beet pulp diet, plasma
ammonia and creatinin concentrations were significantly lower than on the
glucose diet. No diet effect on magnesium absorption was observed. It is
suggested that dietary beet pulp stimulates the conversion of ammonia into
urea.

Dietary carbohydrates and fat influence radiographic bone mineral content of
growing foals.

Hoffman RM, Lawrence LA, Kronfeld DS, Cooper WL, Sklan DJ, Dascanio JJ,
Harris PA.

Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4040,
USA. Rhonda.M.Hoffman@xxxxxxxxx

Hydrolyzable carbohydrate intake in horse diets may become excessive when
rapidly growing pastures are supplemented with grain-based concentrates. The
substitution of fat and fiber for hydrolyzable carbohydrate in concentrates
has been explored in exercising horses but not in young, growing horses. Our
objective was to compare bone development in foals that were fed pasture and
concentrates rich in sugar and starch (corn, molasses) or fat and fiber
(corn oil, beet pulp, soybean hulls, oat straw). Forty foals were examined,
20 each in 1994 and 1995. In each year, 10 mares and their foals were fed a
corn and molasses supplement (SS) and 10 others were fed a corn oil and
fiber supplement (FF). The concentrates were formulated to be isocaloric and
isonitrogenous, and mineral content was balanced to complement the pastures
and meet or exceed NRC requirements. Dorsopalmar radiographs were taken of
the left third metacarpal monthly from birth to weaning and then every other
month until 1 yr of age. Bone density was estimated using imaging software
and an aluminum stepwedge. Radiographic examination indicated differences in
medial, lateral, and central bone mineral content of the metacarpal III.
Bone mineral content increased with age, and a plateau was observed during
winter. Bone mineral content was lower in weanlings and yearlings fed the FF
supplement than in those fed SS. Subjective clinical leg evaluations
indicated differences in physitis, joint effusion, and angular and flexural
limb deformities in response to age, and possibly to season. Regression
analysis indicated positive relationships between bone mineral content and
body weight, age, and body measurements. Nutrient and chemical interactions,
such as the binding of calcium by fat and fiber, may alter the availability
of elements necessary for bone development.



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Replies
Re: [RC] catching up regarding beet pulp, pt 1, Truman Prevatt